Designing for Neurodiversity: Broadening our thinking

By Nicole Freeman

May 2023

As architects we pride ourselves on designing spaces that consider the human experience.  However, design will often tend towards the majority experience or assume that everyone experiences buildings similarly.  Society’s expectation and legislation on physical disability has driven change and inclusivity within our buildings to make them more accessible and removing barriers to those with mobility and visual impairment.

Less considered are neurodiverse individuals who will experience buildings differently than those who are more neurotypical.  It is estimated that approximately 15% of people are neurodiverse which is a significant proportion of the population.  This includes autism, downs syndrome, ADHD, dyslexia, dyspraxia, dyscalculia, Tourette’s and others.

Neurodiversity is a spectrum rather than a binary separation, meaning there will be differences within those with a neurodiverse diagnosis or identification.  It also means that no two human experiences are the same and therefore everyone’s experience is theoretically different.

Imagine stepping into a building, and immediately feeling overwhelmed and overstimulated by the sensory input – the harsh lighting, the cacophony of sounds, the maze-like layout.  For neurodiverse individuals with more complex needs, navigating such environments can be a daunting task, isolating them from parts of society.

So, as architects, can you design for all? Or are there principles of good design that cater for a broader neurological experience improving accessibility, experience, and enjoyment of buildings?

Here are some things that we can consider in the design of new buildings and refurbishments of existing spaces:

Sensory

Pay attention to lighting, acoustics, and materials.  Choose softer, natural lighting and incorporate sound-absorbing materials to reduce auditory overload.  Consider textures and finishes that are simple and soothing rather than cluttered or overwhelming.  Consider how a space feels.

Way-finding

Individual rooms should have a clear function with easy transitions between spaces.  Simplify layouts and provide clear wayfinding signage.  Avoid complex, maze-like structures that can confuse and disorient individuals with neurodivergent traits.  Reducing dead ends to provide multiple exits and avoiding encroachment into individuals personal space, prevents feelings of being trapped or invaded.

Calming Spaces

Designate quiet zones or retreat areas where individuals can take a break from sensory stimuli.  These spaces can provide much-needed respite for those who feel overwhelmed in bustling environments.  Giving individuals choice of their environment and sensory stimulation or exposure provides empowerment.

Flexibility

Embrace flexibility in design to accommodate diverse needs.  This might involve adjustable furniture, adaptable room layouts, or multipurpose spaces that can cater to various activities and preferences.

Consultation and Collaboration

Involve neurodiverse individuals and advocacy groups in the design process.  Who better to provide insights into their unique needs and experiences than those who live them every day?

By integrating these principles into our architectural practice, we create more inclusive environments for neurodiverse individuals.  People Architects are committed to ‘architecture serving people’.  Let’s broaden our thinking to design for those with a neurodiverse mind where everyone feels seen, heard, and valued – one building at a time.